Opisthorchiasis - the disease from a group of helminths that affect the liver and the pancreas. In the world there are about 21 million people infected with the liver trematodes. Giardiasis. Diffuse disease other protozoica, within which can vary from subclinical to severe and occurs because of the infection. The disease worms, caused pork tapeworm. The disease from a group of helminths that affect the liver and the pancreas.
The types of parasites
Only people with a medical education know all the types of parasites in the human body. Most of them does not represent a hazard to health. In spite of this, a long course of some diseases can cause serious complications.
Parasites in the body of adults and children
Not everyone knows what are the pests and where they live. From this disease affected individuals of all ages. To the parasites of man refer to the following bodies:
- fungi (yeasts);
- helminths (nematodes, tapeworms, flukes);
- protozoa (unicellular organisms);
- mites;
- lice;
- bed bugs;
- they are the larvae of various insects.
All the features of a property: lead a parasitic lifestyle, i.e. they feed and grow at the expense of a person. Their life is a different life. Some parasites can exist in a body of people, up to 20-30 years, not causing specific clinical picture. Features of classification of the parasites according to their habitat. The most exposed skin of a person. These pests are called ectoparasites. These include bedbugs, lice, many fungi and mites. These creatures can live in the internal organs, lymphatic vessels and muscles. They represent a great danger because of the possibility of soft tissue injury.
Variety of pests depending on the location
A few helminths live in the liver. These include fluke, Fasciola Hepatica, Echinococcus, ascaris, of toxocariosi. There are types of worms that live in the lungs. In this group are ascaris, Echinococcus, representatives of nematodes, pathogens paragonimoza. Some helminths can be found in the bile ducts (cats fluke, Fasciola Hepatica). Sometimes in the process they are involved in the muscles. This occurs when infected with trichinosis. Rarely affect the kidneys and urinary tract. The parasites, which live in these bodies, are shistosoma. Often helminths found in the vessels, and lymphatic vessels. The parasites mainly affect the skin. Perhaps the involvement in the process of the mucous membrane. The most common diseases such as scabies, headaches, wardrobe, and pediculosis pubis, inflammatory. The lice feed on the blood of people, causing itching. Have found on the scalp, pubic area and on the inner layer of clothing, which is adjacent to the body.
As the parasites penetrate into the human body?
Need to know not only information on what types of parasites you will encounter the people, but also how the disease spreads. Often a person infected with the discretion. This happens in the home or during the course of the professional activity, during the work on the ground, contact with pets (cats, dogs, rodents). The development of intestinal parasites is observed in case of contact with eggs or are larvae of helminths through the mouth. This occurs when you consume contaminated products, infected meat or fish, but also through dirty hands. People take mainly fecal-oral mechanism. Less common, transfer contact, when the parasites are embedded in the skin. This could be scabies, lice, fungal infections, the strongyloidiasis, anchilostomatide.
Parasites transmitted in food (meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, herbs, forest fruits), raw water, dirty hands of the earth. There are helminths and protozoa, which enter the human body in contact with contaminated by the faeces of animal skins. Some parasites worms in the shape of eggs, and simple micro-organisms transmitted through insects and mites. The vectors can be mosquitoes, mosquitoes, flies. Separately show the parasites that can be transmitted during sexual intercourse. This group includes trichomonas, fungi, and pubic lice. Of great importance are the creatures that migrate from one person to another directly through the skin and are able to live in first person a long time. So occurs the infection - disease caused dwarfs the tapeworm, that lives in the small intestine of man.
Representatives of the group of ectoparasites
It is necessary to know not only the types of dangerous creatures, but also those that are capable of living on human skin. Very common is the disease, such as lice. He is the head, and the. The causative agent — louse. These parasites affect the skin and their appendages (hair). Lice are often found in the pediatric age group. Causes — in close contact with other children, the non-observance of rules of personal hygiene and crowding of the collective. Lice have the following characteristics:
- they are ectoparasites (living on the surface of the human body);
- they feed on blood;
- cause severe itching;
- starting from 0.4 mm up to 6 mm;
- they live about a month;
- they have a high fertility;
- are sensitive to high temperatures;
- they have piercing-articulated oral unit.
At the examination, patients are often identified lice eggs (nits). Are firmly attached to the hair and are small in size. The symptoms of pubic lice are often found in children between the ages of 15 and 24 years old. Lice to a greater extent affect the young people. Highlight the following risk factors of infestation of head lice:
- beautiful kindergartens, boarding schools and rest homes;
- bad socio-conditions of use home;
- the presence in the household of the sick;
- work in kindergartens;
- wearing the clothes of someone else;
- visit public places (saunas, baths, hair stylists);
- rare laundry service of linen.
Often there are parasites in the human body, such as the scabies mites. Are easily transferred from a healthy patient contact. At risk are people who enjoy a bed and foreign articles for personal hygiene. The scabies mites have chewing oral unit. They live under the skin feeding on the epidermis. These parasites cause allergic reactions and skin rashes. Most often affect the skin of the belly, breast, thighs, and areas between the fingers. The creatures are most active at night, so the symptoms of the disease (itching) usually are in the evening and night.
The worms in the human intestine
Not all of them know the types of parasites worms. Their fall in nematodes (worms round), tapeworms (tapeworms) and flukes (flukes). Many helminths live in the human intestine. A prominent representative of this group of endoparasites is Ascaris. These helminths live in the small intestine. The are the larvae can penetrate and in other organs (liver, lungs). The incidence rate in the world reaches 85 cases out of 100 thousand people. The more often you get sick small children. Parasites in the shape of eggs within the intestine when you consume enough washed products. Roundworms have the following characteristics:
- they round along the body size up to 40 cm;
- refer to geohelminths (in part develop in the environment);
- lay up to 240 thousand eggs per day.
A sick man, together with the faeces showed a large number of eggs. Fall in the external environment and a little there to mature. The presence of this worm in the body can lead to inflammation of the mucosa of the intestine and to the development of obstruction. In the group of intestinal helminth is transmitted by a group nematosis, called worms, a sort of ossiuri. Pathogens are ossiuri. These parasites live in the small and large intestine, often resulting in dysbacteriosis, enteritis. Ossiuri are small (up to 1 cm) worms, white in color. They have a pointed end, which are fixed to the mucosa. Live data helminths up to 2 months. At risk are the children who attend children's gardens and in the classrooms of the school. The infection occurs in the home or of the way. The factors of transfer are the hands, toys, crockery, goods, stationery. No pests have the ability to crawl toward the outside in order to lay eggs. This happens mostly at night. The main signs of the presence of ossiuri in the body are: abdominal pain, disorders of the chair, and itching in the anus.
The protozoan parasites of man
Only the doctors know the types of protozoa parasites. A huge number of them. The most common are the following subphyla:
- amoeba;
- balantidia;
- trichomonas;
- leishmania;
- cryptosporidium;
- giardia;
- malaria of the Plasmodium;
- toxoplasmosis from the ground...;
- trypanosoma.
Between protozoosis more widespread giardiasis. This disease, caused by micro-organisms unicellular, with the primary lesion, 12 duodenal ulcer, and liver. The causative agent of the disease — Giardia. Parasites of the man of this type have the following characteristics:
- are single-celled organisms mikroorganizmi;
- live in 2 forms (vegetative and spores);
- are transmitted through the products, water, utensils and articles for the home;
- carry-over of insects;
- predominantly affect children up to 10 years;
- value to 21 ám (vegetative forms);
- have flagella (vegetative forms);
- are able to move actively.
These creatures are very resistant in the environment. Human infection takes place, water, food, or boats, in the ways. People take the cysts of giardia. The peak of incidence is represented for the period spring-summer. Giardia spread all over the world. At risk are the children who attend organized groups. Ill more often people who are not trained in simple skills for personal hygiene. Often during the by patients reveals that the micro-organism, like an amoeba. It is a species of protozoa. Creatures hit by the intestine and can contribute to the formation of abscesses in other organs (liver). These parasites are more often detected in individuals who regularly wash their hands. Amoeba live in the shape of the trophozoites and the cyst. The last resistant in the environment. In a risk group for amebiasis are the people with immune deficiency, and also in a state of pregnancy. Even amoebas and giardia, a person can emerge cryptosporidium. This microbe, parasitic in the intestine. Cryptosporidium cause diarrhea and other intestinal symptoms. The number are dangerous for people parasites are malaria of the Plasmodium. Tolerate the mosquitoes. The infection occurs when the bite of an insect.
The clinical manifestations of the presence of parasites
Aware of information about what type of parasites that live in the intestine, you should know, and the main symptoms of the diseases caused by them. The presence in the body of ossiuri is characterized by a disorder of the chair to the type of diarrhea, flatulence, pain in the lower part of the abdomen, itching in the perianal area, irritability, skin rashes, disturbances of the appetite. Children with enterobiasis are often sick. Ossiuri can cause the development of gastroduodenite, enteritis and dysbiosis. If in the body are roundworms, then the people are worried about nausea, abdominal pain, itching, increased production of saliva, decreased appetite, weakness. Simple ascaridiosi, can be a cause of bowel obstruction adult parasites. In the phase of migration of larvae is possible the appearance of skin rashes and cough. Allergic reactions and dyspepsia are the main symptoms of intestinal helminths. Some worms affect the muscles. The representatives are to trichinella. They cause muscle pain, allergic reactions and swelling. The parasites of man, such as flukes, affect the organs of the biliary tract (the liver, the bladder, and the ducts).
This manifests itself with nausea, vomiting, low grade fever, pain in the right upper quadrant to the right. The creatures that live in the bladder and kidneys, are shistosoma. They cause dysuria phenomenon. In the urine of these patients may occur in the blood. Some parasites of man represent a great danger, and for years cannot express themselves. These include the tapeworm. These tapeworms are able to parasitize on a body only in the form of are larvae. The man is a dead branch for this elminto. Echinococcus, which lives in the liver or lungs, it forms bubbles (cysts). They can be several tens. Lice cause in patients with itching and can cause the development of eczema, pyoderma, and chronic dermatitis. On the skin of the hives. The defeat of the man chesotocnami ticks characterized by itching of the skin especially in the evening and night and the rash. In the presence of the body of malaria parasites has fever, chills, dizziness, nausea, jaundice, increases the liver and spleen.
The largest parasites of man
Some parasites have microscopic size, while others can reach a length of 20 m. the largest of them are:a tapeworm (exciter difillobotrioza), beef and pork tapeworm. These creatures have a bottle-neck, flat body, divided into many segments (proglottid). Pork tapeworm reaches 4 m in length. It has the head, the body and the suction cup. Observed and hooks. The man acts in the role of guest in the final.
Sometimes in the body of people parassitano are the larvae of this elminto. The largest worm is bullish tapeworm. The length of its body reaches up to 20 m. This parasite that cause the disease, such as beef tapeworm infection. The large specimens are capable intertwined, forming a tangle in the human intestine. This can be a cause of a violation of the passage of stool. A little smaller are the sizes of the helminths from a group of flukes (a tapeworm). The infection maybe if you consumed half-baked infected fish.
How to get rid of parasites? The man does not have the flour to restore the wavering under the influence of dangerous creatures health, but not to be able to do this. Self-treatment practically does not give good results. In the presence of even minimal symptoms, you must consult a doctor. Regardless of the type of parasites in humans, the doctor to accurately determine the diagnosis and select an effective treatment.